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What are the types of metallographic equipment?

If you're looking to buy new Metallographic Equipment, there are several different types to choose from. These include microscopes, grinders, polishers, and surfacing machines. Choosing the right equipment is crucial for ensuring that you can make the best possible specimen for the study at hand. Metallographic equipment is necessary for many different types of material analysis.

Metallographic microscopes
Metallographic microscopes have two main types: upright and inverted. Both have the same purpose: to visualize the material under investigation. Upright microscopes are typically larger in size and have an inverted stage. Upright microscopes have a stage that is above the specimen, and the objective rests above the sample. Both types of microscopes use EPI illumination (also known as reflected light or epifluorescence illumination), while inverted microscopes have no objective.

Metallographic microscopes have a range of features, including automatic adjustment of illumination light intensity and brightness, a polarized lens, and a photo tube. The optical device recognizes the object under observation and changes the brightness according to its distance from the corresponding receptor. As a result, the metallographic microscope is very useful for viewing alloys, minerals, and other materials under close inspection. Its fully automatic light intensity adjustments make the viewing experience smoother and more efficient.

Metallographic polishers
Metallographic polishers are a basic tool for the preparation of samples for metallography analysis. This process is standard in the industry, and expert knowledge is available for virtually any material. The process can be labor-intensive and costly in manual processes, but automated polishers make this process a breeze. Metallographic polishing uses abrasive materials, which can scratch sample surfaces. Depending on the application, the edges may be ground or rounded.

The force setting on metalographic polishers can vary from one machine to the next. Because different polishing techniques use different principles, force levels may differ from one manufacturer to the next. Most suppliers measure force at a complete stop, so 20 N on one machine may not be the same as 20 N on another. High-force levels can lead to premature wear on grinding discs, and can cause samples to overheat after polishing. Lower-force settings, on the other hand, can cause long processing times.

Metallographic surfacing machines
Metallographic surfacing machines are used for the creation of spherical surfaces for various products. The process involves the application of a coating or a powder to the surface of a metal object. The resulting surface is then measured to determine the level of roughness. Once a surface roughness measurement is complete, the finished product is then mounted on an automated surfacing station. The automated surfacing station has two main components: a horizontal pipe rotator and pipe cooling equipment with liquid coolant contact on the inner surface of the pipe. The additional equipment in the station changes depending on the surfacing technology applied to the object being resurfaced.

The metallographic surfacing process is often combined with a variety of processes to achieve desired surfacing results. Generally, two to three passes are required for each material to be polished. The process also includes the use of flux-cored wires. This type of surfacing has been shown to increase the service life of cores by up to three times. It can also be used to improve the surface finish of a piece of metal.

Metallographic photomultipliers
Metallographic photomultipliers are optical instruments that transform light into an electrical signal. This device is often used in detectors based on scintillating material. These instruments are composed of a photocathode that converts photons into electrons and a chain of dynodes that multiply the electrons to produce an electric current. The anode collects the resulting current.

In the early years of the industry, photomultipliers were introduced in microscopes and had been used in ore microscopy. Today, several commercial instruments use photomultipliers to register the intensity of reflected light compared to a reference standard. Early applications of photomultipliers include identification of small microstructural components, surface damage, orientation and concentration analysis, and measurement of optical constants in interference-layer contrasting.

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